Co-Occuring Autism Spectrum Disorder and Substance Use Disorder

Treating those with co-occurring Autism Spectrum Disorder and Substance Use Disorder  

Recent studies have shown that there may be a higher rate of Substance Use Disorder (SUD) in those living with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). While there have been limited research, concluded studies have found: 

• Adults with ASD are found to self medicate with substances to manage symptoms of depression and anxiety 3x more than their non autistic peers  

• Those living with ASD are 2x as likely to develop a substance misuse challenge than those not living with ASD 

• Adults living with autism are reported to use recreational substances 9x more than adults not on the autism spectrum  

• Almost 7% of individuals looking for substance use treatment also had a diagnosis of ASD 

• Roughly 1 in 5 young adults and teens receiving substance use treatment are suspected to have undiagnosed symptoms of ASD 

Potential reasons why those living with Autism are more likely to have a substance use disorder is currently being looked at, with the most common links suspected to be: 

• Self-soothing with substances can help times of overstimulation  

• Relief while masking  

• People feel they fit in with their peers more 

• Medicating with substances can reduce the affects of living with ASD 

• Impulsivity and OCD are common with those living with ASD and can influence those to engage in substance use at  higher rates 

What about opioid receptors? 

Another potential connection between ASD and SUD could be a result of opioid receptors. Opioid receptors may be important in learning social skills and norms due to the release of a chemical reward system in the brain. When this reward is felt it can influence social behaviors, help learn new skills, and help regulate/control emotions. Researchers have begun to question if those living with ASD could have an opioid signaling deficiency, resulting in people turning to substance use to replace natural signals from the brain  

How does this affect treatment? 

• Studies have found 1:1 therapy along with peer support has been most affective. 

• Focusing on emotions, reactions, and impulsivity with peer or therapist rather than direct use of substances 

• Group therapy has not been proven to be beneficial. 

Looking for support with ASD and SUD? 

Reach out to BTV to learn how to get support and resources!